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Knowing What to Sell, When, and to Whom

You are a chief marketing officer contemplating your company’s quarterly mail-shot to customers. You know that if you can get some of your customers to buy from you, then you’ll have increased the chances that they’ll come back again in the future; second-time customers are more likely to become third-time customers than first-time customers are to become second-time ones, and so on. But the mailing is an expensive proposition, and you know that in the past only about 3% of customers have actually responded to mailings by making a purchase. Shareholders and financial analysts are keeping a close eye on your company’s marketing ROI, so you need to make each contact with your customers count.

A version of this article appeared in the March 2006 issue of Harvard Business Review.

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